In Dutch, past participles of weak verbs are formed by the prefix ge- and followed by a dental suffix -d or -t followed by inflectional suffix -e (definite; indefinite masc./fem.) or -en (plural). The choice between these two suffixes is historically phonetically determined, but in its most common unsuffixed form, both the -d and -t are pronounced as a voiceless [t]. If the preceding consonant is voiceless /k, t, p, s, f/ the suffix is -t, while if the preceding consonant is voiced /d, b, z, v, r, l, w, j/ the suffix is -d. In my dialect (and in standard Dutch) the two velar fricative, voiceless ch and voiced g have merged to a uvular voiceless fricative /χ/, with verbs which have this as a stem-final consonant, the choice between -d and -t is lexically determined for me (but not for those who have a voice distinction).
This gives us forms such as:
gekopt'headbutted'
gelobt'throwing/kicking/hitting the ball to go in a large vertical arc'
op-gelet'watched out' (double t is avoided)
gered'saved' (double dd is avoided)
geleefd'lived' (infinitive leven, hence d).
gekeft'barked (of a small dog)' (stem is keffen, hence t)
gevreesd'feared' (infinitve vrezen, hence d)
gelest'taken classes' (infinitive lessen, hence t)
This final dental is obviously related to the English -ed suffix, which however does not change (orthographical) shape as often in English as it does in Dutch. This leads to obvious conflicts between English and Dutch orthography.
Dutch orthography goes out of its way to retain the orthography of a word from the language the word was borrowed from (if they use a Latin alphabet, obviously), this means that for example, the verb skaten'to rollerblade' in the 1sg. present is ik skate, retaining the final unpronounced e and using a for a vowel which would normally be written ee.
So how does Dutch form the past participle? well you keep the stem shape skate and place a -t behind it of course!: ik heb geskatet. This might look like the final word would be pronounced with three syllables, but it does not: [χə'sket].
This sometimes leads to situations esp. where a very well-recognised english word and english spelling end up looking very different, e.g.:
geliket'liked (on Facebook/other social Media)', this is clearly, to speakers and writers of Dutch a very unattractive spelling, and looking on google you will find that officially "wrong" geliked has 444.000 hits, while the orthographically correct geliket only has 197.000 hits.
Another nice, typical Social media word is found in gefavorite 'having favorited' (27.200 hits), versus correct gefavoritet (only 497 hits), here clearly sticking to the spelling of the present stem of English due to the dutch pronunciation [χə'fevɔʁɪt], because the Dutch rule expects a -t suffix, on a final -t, leading to no suffix.
Other slightly less common words, e.g. gebiked 'to have ridden a motorbike/mountain bike' has twice as many hits as the correct gebiket. geraced'raced' en geracet have almost equal hits.
The democratizing of the internet on spelling, has clearly given room for a spelling rule which sticks to the English spelling as long as it basically reflects the Dutch spelling, and not just emulating English spelling for the verbal stem. Of course, as soon as there is no uncertainty what the final consonant is, the correct spelling of geliket shows back up again, for example if you want to say "the post that was liked many times" you would say de veel gelikete post [də vɪ:l χə'laiktə post], and in that context the correct spelling clearly wins out over the 'wrong' spelling, as it would suggest the wrong pronunciation **[χə'laigdə]
This new, unofficial orthographic rule, has now become so prevalent in all kinds of media, that I would actually be quite hesitant to stick to the correct form geliket, even in a quite formal text, because geliked looks so much better, and is so much more common. The spelling rules we created are perfectly explicable, but perhaps, if we want phonetics to win out over "looks right", we should stop writing English loanwords with English spellings, and from now on go for: gelaaikt, gefeevorrit, gereest, gebaaikt and geskeet.